Literature Cited


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Kraus, S. D. and R. M. Rolland (eds.). 2007. The Urban Whale: North Atlantic Right Whales at the Crossroads. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.

Whale Facts

Arnold, P. W., and D. E. Gaskin. 1972. Sight records of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) and finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the lower Bay of Fundy. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 29:1477-1478.

Baumgartner, M. F., and B. R. Mate. 2003. Summertime foraging ecology of North Atlantic right whales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:123-135.

Best, P. B. 1994. Seasonality of reproduction and the length of gestation in southern right whales, Eubalaena australis. Journal of Zoology 232:175-189.

Brownell, R. L., and K. Ralls. 1986. Potential for sperm competition in baleen whales. Pages 97-112 in G. Donovan, ed. Behavior of Whales in Relation to Management. International Whaling Commission, Cambridge, UK.

Caswell, H., M. Fujiwara, and S. Brault. 1999. Declining survival probability threatens the North Atlantic right whale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96:3308-3313.

Fujiwara, M., and H. Caswell. 2001. Demography of the endangered North Atlantic right whale. Nature 414:537-541.

Gaskin, D. E. 1991. An update on the status of the right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, in Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist 105:198-205.

Hamilton, P. K., A. R. Knowlton, M. K. Marx, and S. D. Kraus. 1998. Age structure and longevity in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) and their relation to reproduction. Marine Ecology Progress Series 171:285-292.

Hamilton, P. K., M. K. Marx, and S. D. Kraus. 1995. Weaning in North Atlantic right whales. Marine Mammal Science 11(3):386-390.

Hay, K. A. 1980. COSEWIC status report on the right whale Eubalaena glacialis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 12 pages.

IWC. 2001a. Report on the workshop on the comprehensive assessment of right whales. Pages 1-60 in P.B. Best, J.L. Banister, R.L. Brownell, and G.P. Donovan, eds. Right Whales: Worldwide Status. International Whaling Commission, Cambridge, UK.

IWC. 2001b. Report on the workshop on status and trends of western North Atlantic right whales. Pages 61-87 in P. B. Best, J. L. Bannister, R. L. Brownell, and G. P. Donovan, eds. Right Whales: Worldwide Status. International Whaling Commission, Cambridge, UK.

Jacobsen, K.-O., M. Marx, and N. Øien. 2004. Two-way trans-Atlantic migration of a North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science 20:161-166.

Kenney, R. D., M. A. M. Hyman, R. E. Owen, G. P. Scott, and H. E. Winn. 1986. Estimation of prey densities required by western North Atlantic right whales. Marine Mammal Science 2:1-13.

Kenney, R. D., and S. D. Kraus. 1993. Right whale mortality - a correction and an update. Marine Mammal Science 9:445-446.

Knowlton, A. R., J. Sigurjónsson, J. N. Ciano, and S.D. Kraus. 1992. Long-distance movements of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science 8:397-405.

Knowlton, A. R., S. D. Kraus, and R. D. Kenney. 1994. Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Canadian Journal of Zoology 72:1297-1305.

Knowlton, A. R., and S. D. Kraus. 2001. Mortality and serious injury of northern right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management Special Issue 2:193-208.

Kraus, S. D., K. E. Moore, C. E. Price, M. J. Crone, W. A. Watkins, H. E. Winn, and J. H. Prescott. 1986. The use of photographs to identify individual North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Pages 145-151 in R. L. Brownell, Jr., P. B. Best, and J. H. Prescott, eds. Right Whales: Past and Present Status. International Whaling Commission, Cambridge, UK.

Kraus, S. D. 1990. Rates and potential causes of mortality in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science 6:278-291.

Kraus, S. D., P. K. Hamilton, R. D. Kenney, A. R. Knowlton, and C. K. Slay. 2001. Status and trends in reproduction of the North Atlantic right whale. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management Special Issue 2:231-236.

Kraus, S. D., and J. J. Hatch. 2001. Mating strategies in the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Journal of Cetacean Research and Management Special Issue 2:237-244.

Kraus, S. D. 2002. Birth, death and taxis: North Atlantic right whales in the twenty-first century. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New Hampshire, Durham.

Kraus, S. D., M. W. Brown, H. Caswell, C. W. Clark, M. Fujiwara, P. K. Hamilton, R. D. Kenney, A. R. Knowlton, S. Landry, C. A. Mayo, W. A. McLellan, M. J. Moore, D. P. Nowacek, D. A. Pabst, A. J. Read, and R. M. Rolland. 2005. North Atlantic right whale in crisis. Science 309:561-562.

Mayo, C. A., and M. K. Marx. 1990. Surface foraging behaviour of the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, and associated zooplankton characteristics. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:2214-2220.

Moore, M., A. Knowlton, S. Kraus, W. McLellan, and R. Bonde. 2005. Morphometry, gross morphology and available histopathology in Northwest Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) mortalities (1970-2002). Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6:199-214.

Murison, L. D., and D. E. Gaskin. 1989. Zooplankton distributions and feeding ecology of right whales (Eubalaena glacialis glacialis) in the outer Bay of Fundy, Canada. M.S. Thesis. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Parks, S. E. 2003. Response of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) to playback of calls recorded from surface active groups in both the North and South Atlantic. Marine Mammal Science 19:563-580.

Whale Mission: Keepers of Memory. 2005. Directed by Jean Lemire and Caroline Underwood. Produced by Jean Lemire. Copyright Glacialis Productions Inc.

Wishner, K. F., J. R. Schoenherr, R. Beardsley, and C. Chen. 1995. Abundance, distribution and population structure of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in a springtime right whale feeding area in the south western Gulf of Maine. Continental Shelf Research 15:475-507.

Reeves, R. R., and M. F. Barto. 1985. Whaling in the Bay of Fundy. Whalewatcher 19(4):14-18.

Schevill, W. E. 1968. Sight records of Phocoena phocoena and cetaceans in general. Journal of Mammalogy 49:794-796.

Research Projects

Desharnais, F., A. Vanderlaan, C. Taggart, M. Hazen and A. Hay. 1999. Preliminary results on the acoustic characterization of the Northern right whale. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106:2163.

Hamilton, P. K., and S. M. Martin. 1999. A Catalogue of Identified Right Whales from the North Atlantic: 1935-1997. New England Aquarium, Boston.

Kraus, S. D., K. E. Moore, C. E. Price, M. J. Crone, W. A. Watkins, H. E. Winn, and J. H. Prescott. 1986. The use of photographs to identify individual North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Report of the International Whaling Commission Special Issue 10:145-151.

Kraus, S. D. and R. M. Rolland (eds.). 2007. The Urban Whale: North Atlantic Right Whales at the Crossroads. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA.

Laurinolli, M. H, A. E. Hay, F. Desharnais and C. T. Taggart. 2003. Localization of North Atlantic right whale sounds in the Bay of Fundy using a sonobuoy array. Marine Mammal Science 19:708-723. [pdf]

Michaud, J. and C. T. Taggart. 2007. Lipid and gross energy content of North Atlantic right whale food, Calanus finmarchicus, in the Bay of Fundy. Endangered Species Research 3:77-94. [pdf]

Rastogi, T., M. W. Brown, B. A. McLeod, T. R. Frasier, R. Grenier, S. L. Cumbaa, J. Nadarajah, and B. N. White. 2004. Genetic analysis of sixteenth-century whale bones prompts a revision of the impact of Basque whaling on right and bowhead whales in the western North Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:1647-1654.

Vanderlaan, A. S. M., A. E. Hay, and C. T. Taggart. 2003. Characterisation of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) sounds in the Bay of Fundy. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 28:164-173. [pdf]

Vanderlaan, A. S. M. and C. T. Taggart. 2007. Vessel collisions with whales: the probability of lethal injury based on vessel speed. Marine Mammal Science 23:144-156. [pdf]

Stewardship Measures

Anonymous. 2000. Canadian Recovery Plan for the North Atlantic Right Whale. World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, Ontario; Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Brown, M. W., J. M. Allen, and S. D. Kraus. 1995. The designation of seasonal right whale conservation zones in the waters of Atlantic Canada. Pages 90-98 in N. Shackell and M. Willison, eds. Marine Protected Areas Association, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Brown, M. W. 1994. Caution mariners: Please avoid collisions with right whales. Prepared for the Minister of Supply and Services, Communications Directorate, Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO/4982), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

COSEWIC. 2003. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. VII + 28 pages.

Hay, K. A. 1980. COSEWIC status report on the right whale Eubalaena glacialis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 12 pages.

Gaskin, D. E. 1985. Update COSEWIC status report on the right whale Eubalaena glacialis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 50 pages.

Gaskin, D. E. 1990. Update COSEWIC status report on the North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 25 pages.

Knowlton, A. R., M. K. Marx, H. M. Pettis, P. K. Hamilton, and S. D. Kraus. 2005. Analysis of scarring on North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis): Monitoring rates of entanglement interaction: 1980-2002. Final Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service. 20 pp.

Kraus, S. D. 1990. Rates and potential causes of mortality in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). Marine Mammal Science 6:278-291.

Kraus, S. D. and M. W. Brown. 1992. A right whale conservation plan for the waters of Atlantic Canada. Pages 79-85 in Willison et al., eds. Science and the management of protected areas: Developments in landscape management and urban planning, London, UK.

Emergency Networks

Knowlton, A. R., M. K. Marx, H. M. Pettis, P. K. Hamilton, and S. D. Kraus. 2005. Analysis of scarring on North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis): Monitoring rates of entanglement interaction: 1980-2002. Final Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service. 20 pp.

Kraus, S. D., M. W. Brown, H. Caswell, C. W. Clark, M. Fujiwara, P. K. Hamilton, R. D. Kenney, A. R. Knowlton, S. Landry, C. A. Mayo, W. A. McLellan, M. J. Moore, D. P. Nowacek, D. A. Pabst, A. J. Read, and R. M. Rolland. 2005. North Atlantic right whale in crisis. Science 309:561-562.

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